CSS (close-spaced sublimation) is one of the most basic processes of physical vapour deposition. Materials that evaporate below 800°C, particularly semiconductors, can be coated on substrates such as glass under both vacuum and atmospheric pressure. The target materials must be solids in the form of chunks or powders.
For example, cadmium telluride (CdTe) may be deposited at roughly 600°C with a thickness of 1-10 m in 10 minutes, which is one of the quickest deposition periods among alternative physical vapour deposition (PVD) processes. CSS and the binary compound material cadmium telluride (CdTe) are inextricably linked due to the significant use of CSS in the formation of CdTe thin film.
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